lincoln mark vi

The availability and use of the mid-sized Mercury Montego chassis dictated that the car they originally designed as the Mark VI be up sized. The four-door sedan shares the 117.4 wheelbase with the Lincoln Continental/Town Car; the two-door utilizes the 114.4 wheelbase shared by the Ford and Mercury variants. gasoline (petrol) engine with displacement: 4942 cm3 / 301.6 cui, advertised power: 100 kW / 134 hp / 136 PS ( SAE net ), torque: 315 Nm / 232 lb-ft, more data: 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI 2-Door (aut. Under the hood, we see the good old Ford Windsor 302 engine, also known as the 5.0 V8. Try changing that one if you havent already and see what that does. I can make a similar observation about this car because I knew Lincoln Marks. when they are open. From a nuts-and-bolts perspective, the results were quite good. The carriage vinyl roof was a midnight blue cloth. . The Continental Mark series (later Lincoln Mark series) is a series of personal luxury cars that was produced by Ford Motor Company. I dont see too many electrical or mechanical things around from the early 1980s that still work on a daily basis. There were now three Blass color combinations. If the Thunderbirds aero styling werent the hit it was, I seriously doubt Lincoln would blockade the fully developed Mark VII from hitting showrooms after. All of the I wish it was still the 70s design touches like the fender gills, covered headlights, and opera windows now stand out as unique. But as much I have tried I dont really like the proportions of the Mark V. I have tried to like the Mark V but I just dont warm up to them. As an option, a 351 cubic-inch (5.8L) V8 was offered; it used an electronically-controlled 2-barrel carburetor. The fifth generation of Lincoln's Mark Series, the Mark VI was the first ground-up revision of the model line since 1972, and the first generation to undergo downsizing. Another highlight of the Mark VI Continental was the adoption of the new panther platform. Check out our Merchandise store and Classifieds. Sign in now to prevent your Saved Listings from expiring. It does provide greater power than all my others with fuel injection and single exaust. The 1980-1981 Lincoln Mark VI Continental sold for $16,291 during its short-lived production period. The essense of what a Lincoln should be. Its all going to be about the appraisal. I wholeheartedly agree the MK VI was at best a poor imitation of the truly great Marks that came before it. The excerpt does indicate that the VII was designed and green lighted before they considered making the T-bird aero. Dudes drove those were view as arrived, or at least going places. Where were the engineers when this thing was approved for production? Although I have always been a conservative driver, the only thing I didnt like about my Mark VI is the engine was really not powerful enough for that size car. . As before, each Designer Series option carried exclusive exterior and interior color combination and additional equipment over the standard-trim Mark VI; these trim packages remained unchanged through 1982. I feel much the same about the 1980-89 Continental/Town Car. Well, I have to disagree with 90% of these opinions here. Another highlight of the Mark VI Continental was the adoption of the new panther platform. By now Lincoln inventories were so huge that production was halted on June 8. As to perspective, I remember well these cars on the show room floor and thinking (Gene says he was unhappy with the last two Cadillacs he owned.) One who has always recognized the superiority of the Mark VI from the day he bought his new is Gene OConnor of San Rafael, California. with the fuel injection, gets better mileage and it is more garageable if there is Then I would drive the early 80s lowest of the LoPo 302s and would immediately run away. The engine was rated for 130 hp and I worry that it will be too slow to drive in todays traffic. 6 vehicles matched Now showing page 1 of 1. However, Ford was so irritated with the Federal Lighting Standard delay that they went into production with the composite light before they were awarded final approval; knowing and willing to pay a fine for cars produced until final approval was received. We know this because they didnt change their style found on the larger Marks. The 302 wheezed out 129 hp and the 351 had the troublesome variable venturi carburetor. I like the Mark VI as well as I do like the Mark V. I simply love angularity. Unlike most rivals, the Lincoln Continental had an impressive fuel economy stat, thanks to the small block engine. This car was last registered in 2009. So the Aero Bird went on the market first to judge public reaction. We hope to hear from Gene in another 17 years about how his Mark VI is doing. The flip up lights are an improvement on the boring town car front end. Front. By 1980, Gene and many others felt Cadillac had lost its luster. Tesla owner says man set his EV on fire, and Sentry Mode captured it on video, 2024 Toyota Tacoma TRD Pro teases two more new features, Junkyard Gem: 1992 Chevrolet Camaro RS Coupe, 23-year-old New York woman racks up 67 traffic tickets and 65 suspensions. In 1979, a second oil crisis, this one caused by the Iranian Revolution, hit the Western World. Two-door Lincolns can be distinguished from Mark VI two-doors with their "notchback" roofline. Time is on our side; just look at the growth of interest on websites and in priceswhich are certainly on the upswing! There were 21 body colors offered on the Mark VI and seven were new. Lincolns management and designers understood their mission and accomplished it with deadly efficiency: by 1978, the Imperial was gone and the Cadillac Eldorado was an also-ran. When shoppers saw this generation Mark, they could immediately see a vehicle Lincoln didnt want to produce. Estimate price near me Service Location SELECT VEHICLE Customer Ratings (1,587) How A Diagnostic Works Instantly book a certified mobile mechanic to come to you She happily drove that Imperial until late 1989 when the new 1990 Chrysler Imperial came out. There were 27 Mark VI sold in the last 5 years. After comparing the Cadillac and the Lincoln Mark VI, Gene came to the conclusion that the Lincoln Mark VI was not only better looking, it had the Cadillac beat in just about every other way. No car offered more true all-American presence during the early Reagan era than the Mark VI. The option was offered with either burgundy or silver exteriors; all vehicles came with a red interior (leather or velour upholstery). The Designer Series was only available in the two-door sedan in 1980. Two different animals, the Imperial had fuel injection which wasnt the lean burn system. By the end of 1980, the demand for big cars bottomed out, rebounded and then bottomed out again. Was: $155.54. 83markvi Ford's Lincoln Division introduced the downsized Continental Mark VI in 1980 and kept the model in production through 1983. But the 1983 and 1989 experiences you had were probably much better than the 1981-81 cars which were not without their powertrain issues. Both of these combinations had Opal leather seats dramatized by Red straps and buttons. When you first go out it will start right up and run fine, but after you run it awile turn it off then try to start it, it turns fine but will not start till it has set agood wile to be cold again, then it will start, it has the fuel pump in tank, I changed that, also the weather . But the blue and white Bill Blass would also do. Both engines were used on the 1980 Mark VI and both had Fords third generation computerized Electronic Engine Control. Actually, the 1980 model still offered buyers the full array of designer editions befitting such a (formerly) exclusive car, although soon Givenchy and Pucci would bail and Cartier would move up to the Town Car. A much more reliable new feature in 1980 was the keyless entry system which was standard on the Mark VI. Bordinat had been involved with Lincoln since the 1950s, and had preached the continuation of styling themes as Lincolns holy grail; accordingly, the Mark VI developed as sort of a 5/8 scale Mark V. In any case, we should certainly give the team an A for effort: They managed to take 800 pounds out of the car, dramatically increasing its fuel economy, all while leaving passenger room essentially untouchednot that the Marks had all that much room to begin with. Hi am Lovell Petty of Las Vegas interested in the Burgundy lincoln listed in your inventory w/the Touring round lights built in the drop down headlights in the front of the Lincoln um please call direct to 702 583 2698 or text me direct please. As the Mark V remained throughout its production, much of its sharp-edged design played a role in the design of the downsized Panther-platform Lincolns. Mark III 10 classic Mark IIIs for sale. As a retired interior and architectural designer, I have ideas about style, harmony, balance and taste. The Mark III through Mark V were siblings of the Ford Thunderbird, but the 1980-1983 Mark VI lived on the new Panther platform and its closest relatives were the regular Continental and Town Car. No, it wasnt as impossible as it sounds. Which I find hard to believe, given the (im)practicalities of what hes suggesting. My 83 signature series mark vi continental is an excellent car. 1983 Lincoln Mark VI - Opportunity! The most rain the car has ever seen was on the way to the Fresno Western National Meet in 1996, where the car won first in class. Check out this rare collectors Lincoln of the 80s. A heavy vertical chrome accent (or a pair of thin ones) on an otherwise sleek design is a like visual barb. We loved to blast the provided Peter Gunn theme with all windows and moonroof open. These lincolns have 2 fuel pumps, one in the tank and one inline just b/f the fuel filter. It was at that point that things went horribly wrong, and stayed that way for the next four years. Perhaps because a four-door Mark had been so overwhelmingly popular in 1958-60? By changing the chip in the computer you can probably get 175 hp outof these later engines. Make Lincoln Model Mark Generation MKVI They had several problems with this system which they never did get worked out so they went to an EEC4 system in 1984 with a throttle body fuel injection, and then in 1986 they went to a sequential port fuel injection and a different engine management system which has proved to be virtually trouble free. A lot was tried that year and little was said. If I recall, we did several proposals and at the eleventh hour we pulled in a fiberglass car that was around. Growing up in the 80s, the Mark VI was always one of my favorite cars, and is still one of my favorite Lincolns of all time. It is as dry as a bone, and with a new battery and gas at engine-point it cranked right up and ran smoothly! 1981 Lincoln Continental Mark VI 2-Door (aut. The styling done either by or under Eugene Bordinat was extremely square and crisp with knife edges on the fenders. Thats fewer sales than the Mark V in its single worst year. There were 11 standard colors, five optional moondust colors and three two-tone paint options. Time is beginning to show that your opinion may be in the minority. Well Thanks for your time. Mail To: lcoc@cornerstonereg.com, To contact us for questions regarding the club please visit our contact us page, Copyright 2017 Lincoln & Continental Owners Club - Web Site Design and Hosting by, National Meet Judging Form: Authenticity & Appearance, Major Trophies Primary & Senior Divisions, Philadelphia Region Newsletter Spring 2023, Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum Homecoming 2023. The picture attached is one I like! Snow white on white on white with navy inserts. I feel I got a good deal since I do the work my self and the body and interior and drive train was mint. We could say that the 1970s and the Marks were made for each other. A 1983 Designer Series Pucci Edition Mark VI Lincoln Continental. unlike most boats from this era it feels sporty. Our certified mobile mechanics come to you 7 days a week between 7 AM and 9 PM. Seen those on line around 12000. Original & Highly Original. Does that Mark VI really look like it cost twice as much as a Cordoba? 1983 LINCOLN MARK VI. Earlier this year I brought it to a mechanic in order to bring it back to running condition. I dont care the car itself was a nice running luxury car. I have found over the years the best comments come from those with true As Halderman remembered: We wanted to give the Thunderbird a bold image and a new look, a fresh start. The overhang ratio for 1980 is similar to 1979. It came with a Ford branded cassette tape with a variety of pop song selections to enjoy the Premium Sound System. 4) Horsepower/Torque Curve characteristic dimensions: outside length: 5486 mm / 216 in, width: 1984 mm / 78.1 in, wheelbase: 2903 mm / 114.3 in but will sell car as Salvage to us for $500. I wonder if Ford pondered sticking the 200CID (3.3L) straight six under the hoods of these (for economy bragging rights and a cheap way to meet/exceed the CAFE for that time, much like Cadillac did in offering a bored out Buick V-6 (4.1L with four-pot carb) for 1981-83. If the baby boomers were too young in 1980-83, they were just the right age to buy the Town Car in 1985-89. Therefore we will limit this article primarily to the Mark VI Designer Series and the changes in this series for each of the four years. Free shipping for many products! For sure. As they say, all good things must come to an end, and Lincolns certainly did. Inside, it offered an LED display and computer in its interior, with enough room for five occupants. The next major problem is the greenhouse; its too upright and boxy. I also have owned some 12 CAdillacs and threee Imperials. The Cartier edition was shifted from the Mark VI to the Town Car, leaving the Bill Blass and Givenchy edition coupes. In the Panther era, it was on Lincoln products only. On the longer wheelbase it is elegant and well proportioned. Ive been a Lincoln owner for years owning model years 1956 through 2006. Even if it perhaps meant a flat black plastic headlight surround creating a cleaner appearance. Considering this. Production is certainly not the reason. The conclusions for the limited number of the Mark Vis surviving as collector cars are rather baffling. On the other hand since the styling proposal was done in 80 one would think they at least had a plan for a version with sealed beams in case they didnt win approval which they likely knew would be difficult. The Continental Mark VI is based on the Ford Panther platform, shared with the Lincoln Town Car and other Ford Motor Company full-size cars of the 1980s into the late 2000s in North America. You are safe in one of these. . MK 5. Vehicles most likely to hit 300,000 miles, Cars most likely to have major powertrain problems, Top 10 brands with the lowest average repair cost to fix a check engine light, Top 10 brands least likely to flash a check engine light, designing phony inflatable tanks to fool the Nazis, Junked 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass Edition, 28 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 15 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 03 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 08 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 12 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 16 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 19 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 20 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 23 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 24 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 25 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 31 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 36 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 40 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 43 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 46 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 47 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 48 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 51 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 53 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 54 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 59 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 60 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 62 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 64 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 65 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 69 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin, 99 - 1982 Lincoln Continental Mark VI Bill Blass in Colorado junkyard - photo by Murilee Martin. Wish she were still stock some days but these do make great lowriders. (Apparently, many of those baby boomers werent old enough to appreciate the Mark VI.) Have you guys ever driven a Mark VI? Well done JPC wouldnt add a thing except to make the point that the Fox Mustang 3-door had a malproportioned greenhouse as well. In 1982, some reworking in the designer trim department occurred, as the Pucci edition became a four-door-only trim. It is the most expensive option on your window sticker: Roof-2 Door Specialty Coach $779.00. That is going to be the car that turns heads. The interior was in Pewter with leather or cloth seats. The Mark VI is SO much more successful in terms of bringing every bit of Lincolns classicism to the table but in a more efficient and economical package. The flagship models (Town Car, Fleetwood Brougham) were backward lookingsmaller cars imitating their bigger 70s predecessors, but with slower engines, cheaper materials, and at times, less reliability. Try website grandmarq. The lowest sale ever made of the 1981 Lincoln Continental was $1,100, auctioned at the Auction Indy in 2018. Back. other than the 1986 and 1987 EldoradoThe Caddy was never an also ran. The interior was all French vanilla with leather seats. It's clear that the Lincoln Continentals value may rise with time. It delivered 17 mpg in the city and 24 mpg on the highway. Kevlar hood, Aluminum every where. The paint and the vinyl top are original and like new. The Givenchy Designer Series was dropped and the Pucci was now available in a two door as well as a four-door. 1980 was the down-sized year for Lincoln. Body side moldings matched the predominant color and accent stripes were the reverse of the body color. Lincoln needed to have thrown away everything they used to tack upon the older Marks and invent new. All the body panels, chrome trim, badging, and lower chrome panel on each side look good on this 81,000 mile pampered Lincoln. The Mark VI had the misfortune of being designed at a time outside influences were set to conspire against it, starting just before the time it was introduced. She paid 800 for it 2 years ago. Lee Iacocca had definitely left the building. The first time I saw a 4-door Mark (which wasnt until years after they were produced and I was an adult) I couldnt wrap my head around it. sjblazy, The wheels were color-keyed lacy spoke aluminum. June 2002. Conclusion It was about this time that the personal luxury market started shifting in earnest to the German marques, and its not particularly difficult to understand why. Moving to the Panther platform, the 1980 Mark VI lost 6 inches of wheelbase and over 14 inches in overall length. Copyright 2011 - 2023 Curbside Classics. The Bill Blass was the only model in the Designer Series that lacked the oval rear window. The Givenchy Mark VI had a Black upper and Medium Dark Pewter Metallic lower with a black vinyl grain coach roof. Lincoln & Continental Owners Club In the early 1970s, the government also became more involved in the automobile business, even dictating some traditional design aspects. It featured lots of cabin space, partly thanks to its 117.3-inch wheelbase, and up to 22.4 cu-ft of cargo volume. Some things I did not like about the Mark VI the same cheap looking steering wheel that all Fords shared at the time. From the time Lee Iacocca decreed that a Thunderbird with a six-foot-long hood would serve as Lincolns flagship (Mark III CC here), the Continental Mark series went from strength to strength throughout the 1970s. 5925$ Nada average retail 81 mark coupe. Somehow Lincoln believed that Mark owners would accept a smaller Mark that looked like a kit car of the original. Mark VII 11 classic Mark VIIs for sale. Sunroof. Regular auto insurance is not really a good fit with specialty cars, as the adjusters typically have little experience with them and spend their lives with everyone claiming that his old clunker is a classic worth a bazillion bucks. Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 20:55, "Gale Haldeman: Mustangs, Marks, and More, Part II", "1980 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL MARK VI 2-Door 5.0L V-8 EFI data in", "1980 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL MARK VI SIGNATURE SERIES 4-Door 5.8L V-8 data in", "1980 Lincoln Mark VI 2-Door specs, performance, photo & data", "1980 Lincoln Mark VI 4-Door specs, performance, photo & data", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Continental_Mark_VI&oldid=1140597212, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 20:55. It was the inline fuel pump. I am still surprised today, that Ford didnt make a greater effort to improve the aesthetics of the headlight area, when they were in their on/open state. To me it is the VII that just hasnt aged well and looks like an overgrown T-bird with a tacked on grille and tire hump. We use cookies and browser activity to improve your experience, personalize content and ads, and analyze how our sites are used. One was a White Diamond Carriage Grain roof, white uppers, rich red midsection and white lowers. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. To me, it is exactly what a luxury car should be, long, elegant, and superior to other vehicles on the road. And, as it turns out, my ideas differ greatly from yours. This is a rare option but I think it was available on at least all 1982-1983 Mark VIs. That would at least downplay this area. Beemers? I do not dispute that they had their good points. All original. The first complete redesign of the Mark series since 1972, the Mark VI was the first generation of the model line to undergo downsizing. Lee Iacocca had definitely left the building. Touch! The front wheels need to be pushed about four inches forward, possibly more. We have paid State Farm for Full Coverage Insurance for 30 years on this car even though it sat in garage. I believe this is the aero luxury car that spawned them: Well they certainly could have delayed making the tooling until late 83 or early 84 to see if customers would actually buy on. According to wiki, Ford petitioned the NHTSA in 1981 for the euro headlamps and were legalized by some time in 1983. Well pimped. I always loved the Mark VI! L. LS. If you wait for the cam gear to break then you lose timing and it bends the valves and you go through even more damage than if you replace the timing gear and chain in time. Plus the timing gear and timing chain are weak spots on any of the 302 motors from this era. Ive also read so many bad things about the early AOD transmission. I dont think so either.. Why the VII was introduced a year later is certainly debatable. It looks like the perfect car for a head of state or a mafia son. Brake release. [1] However, due to budgetary constraints, Ford product planners chose a different design direction for the Mark VI, as the project switched from the compact/mid-size Fox chassis to the (downsized) full-size Panther platform, to allow increased parts commonality with the Lincoln Continental. As I know it, the Aero Tbird and Mark VIII was essentially the same, but backwards, story as the 61 Continental and Bullet Bird. As with 1980, all examples were produced with red interiors, in leather or velour. Heres my 80 Mk VI with the rare optional 5.8 351w, factory dual exhaust, and that damned Variable Venturi 2bbl carb thats given me issues since day 3. That sort of marketing strategy works for a while but they milked it for about 5 years too longCadillac did okay until the mid-80s and then when they went FWD Lincoln played out the strategy until the 1990s with success (actually forcing Cadillac to keep making the Brougham so as not to totally lose all of its target buyers). or $329/mo. In late 1980, my widowed mother asked me to come down from Austin for the weekend so she could look at the 1981 Imperials at Bill Heil Chrysler in San Antonio. It was $27,000. After 1980, the 351 was discontinued on the Mark VI, due to poor sales and the lack of a distinct power advantage over the 5.0L V8. The tool kit and glove box flashlight were no longer featured as well. I have a 1981 Lincoln Like I said it is general in nature. Also, how many people remember the 84 and 85 only Mark VII Gianni Versace Edition? This newly-made engine produced 130.8-hp at 3,600 rpm and 231 lb-ft at 2,000 rpm. All Ford products of the late 70s were square and followed the so called three box theory of design. Did you resolve? This Mark VI is powered by Ford's 5.0L V8, originally rated to produce a modest 130 horsepower and 230 pound-feet of torque, which flows to the rear wheels via a four-speed automatic transmission. Shop Lincoln Mark VI vehicles for sale at Cars.com. The car has been licensed and titled in Alaska since new. This Bill Blass Mark VI got red body pinstripes and red decorative belting on the leather-upholstered seats. First, however, Telnacks team derived a new Thunderbird from the Aero Luxury Car, as well. Im not sure if the Mark VII was designed first, concurrently or after the Tbird and/or purposely delayed though. I thought they were the most lavish things Id ever seen (nothing like my familys 77 white Impala). that many in Fords design department wouldve liked to have had started the more fluid T-Bird/Mark VII a lot sooner . This era was filled with factory and mail order kitch that mimicked the Lincoln look. News, Reviews, Photos, Videos delivered straight to your in-box. The Givenchy had its upper body sides in black, body sides in Dark Pewter and lower body sides in stainless steel. The 1980 Cordoba hit showrooms at the same time as the Mark VI. When luxury cars needed to lose their size during this era, they also lost their class and elegance. It looked just as elegant to me in a more modern package for the 80s. how beautiful they looked. The car featured electronic instrumentation, keyless entry and a host of other small luxury touches that were or would soon be required for a car in this class. Not here. In contrast, the 1980 Cadillac Eldorado sold over 67,000 units. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2010/09/hammer-time-the-steenkin%E2%80%99-lincoln/. Ford did much better thereafter omitting the 351 and its VV carburetor and fixing the AOD transmission and this is the area they cleaned Cadillacs clock from 1982 onward- reliability under the hood.
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